政府采购调研报告
报告是日常生活与学习的常见记录方式，报告有着明确的格式。在实际工作中，我们怎么样正确编写报告呢？以下是小编整理的关于《2018政府采购调研报告》，仅供参考，希望能够帮助到大家。
第一篇：2018政府采购调研报告
2018政府部门调研报告
2016政府部门调研报告怎么写呢?小编给大家介绍介绍。
2016政府部门调研报告(1)
政府采购制度是市场经济条件下政府管理公共支出、调控经济运行、维护国家和社会公共利益的一项基本制度，对于提高财政资金使用效益、预防和治理腐败、落实国家经济调控政策，都具有十分重要的意义。自我区实行政府采购改革以来，政府采购范围和规模不断扩大，体制机制初步理顺，取得了显著的经济和社会效益。但是，随着工作的不断推进，政府采购也暴露出一些问题。今年4月份，按照区委、区政府、开发区管委会领导的指示，由我办牵头
组织区财政局、区监察局、区审计局、区公共资源交易中心等单位，对XX市XX区和XX市政府此案够的管理体制、组织实施、采购方式、操作规范等方面进行了学习调研。下面就调研情况报告如下：
一、XX区、XX市政府采购工作的主要做法和经验
1、推行采购预算制度，政府采购计划性强。青浦区、深圳市政府采购工作均按照《政府采购法》等相关法律法规的要求全面推行和较好实施了政府采购预算制度。对已经实行部门预算的单位，要在部门预算中编制政府采购预算;没有预算，一律不进行采购。同时，要求预算单位在编制部门预算的时候必须将政府采购预算精细化、科学化。一旦涉及项目明细的调整包括采购方式、采购金额、采购项目等，需要执行财政部门制定的预算调整程序。部门预算经人大批准后，政府采购计划将同步下达预算单位。
2、建设统一的电子化采购平台，政府采购电子化水平高。青浦区按照上海市委、市政府要求，于2016年1月1日起在全区全面推行应用实施电子集市采购，将全区所有预算单位(52家一级预算单位和313家二级预算单位)包括11个镇、街道办事处、12家区属公司都已经纳入电子集市，对列入青浦区政府采购目录的计算机、打印机、空调等协议采购项目通过电子集市平台议价、反拍、团购等方式实施采购。深圳市目前已建设了较为先进和完备的电子化政府采购平台，电子化政府采购平台上接预算指标和计划编制，下联国库集中支付，可通过互联网完成申报、审核、发布公告、招标、投标、评标、询价、投诉、监管等政府采购的全过程操作、管理和监控，实现了从预算和计划编制到采购执行与支付完成链条的电子化运作。
3、实施政府采购预选制度，提高政府采购效率。深圳为解决社会各界普遍反映的时间长、货源少、价格高等
问题积极探索改革政府采购的相关做法，建立了预选承包商、商场供货、战略性合作伙伴、跟标采购、公务卡采购等一系列高效实用、灵活多样的采购模式。一是政府预选采购制度。通过公开招标方式产生了家具、装饰修缮、会计中介服务、物业服务、因公出国(出境)经办代理和法律服务等预选供应商，采购人按照相关程序规定从预选供应商中选择相应的供应商;同时，建立商场供货预选制度，采购人可以在中标商场自行按需采购，商场按照协议提供优惠折扣价格，既方便了采购人，又确保了采购货物的价格优势。二是推行公务卡采购制度。为提高政府采购效率，规范结算流程，深圳市积极探索和推行公务采购卡制度，在政府采购中逐步扩大公务卡结算的使用范围。三是政府采购方式进行了一定的创新。对市场货源充足、竞争充分、标准统一的通用类项目的采购，深圳明确提出按照低价中标原则确定供应商实行竞价采购，并把竞价采购作为
法定的政府采购方式之一。此外，深圳市还设立了跟标采购方式，通过建立跟标信息库，对于一些紧急需要、采购需求与被跟标项目一致、公开招标成本较高的政府采购项目可实施跟标采购。
4、改革评审程序，赋予采购人必要的自主权。为改变原有评审专家拥有定标权力但责任承担及追究制度缺失，采购人作为采购需求制定者但没有选择权、采购满意度不高的局面，深圳市率先实施了评定分离，各司其职评标定标办法，将最终中标供应商的决定权交予采购人，这是全国政府采购制度上的首创与改革。在具体采购活动中，由政府采购评审专家委员会仅根据采购文件的要求出具评审报告并推荐中标候选供应商后，由采购单位从中选择中标供应商(采购单位也可以事先授权给评审委员会直接确定中标供应商)。
5、建立较为科学、合理的政府采购合同履约验收和评价体系。青浦区、深圳市对政府采购的合同履约和验收环
节采取了许多有效的做法。如深圳市规定集中采购机构要参与组织实施的采购项目的验收、采购人要对供应商合同履行情况进行评价;青浦区对一些采购金额较大或者技术复杂的项目，采购单位可以邀请市政府采购咨询专家共同验收。同时，青浦区、深圳市都高度重视政府采购的监督检查，建立了较为完善的专项检查、重点检查等监督检查制度，对政府采购合同的履约、验收、支付等政府采购活动进行监督管理。
二、对我区深化政府采购制度改革的几点想法
(一)着力完善政府采购监管方式。要按照构建分工制衡政府采购监管体系的要求，不断完善工作机制，推动监管方式创新。
1.完善监督机制。政府采购监管部门要充分发挥职能作用，加强对采购文件备案、采购方式确定、评审专家选取、合同履行等各环节的审查把关和常规性检查;审计部门要把政府采购监督工
作贯穿于正常的财务审计和专项审计之中;区监管办(交管办)、财政、审计、监察、工商、质监、检察院等综合监管和职能部门要建立协作配合机制，互通有关情况，及时总结经验，提升监管水平，根据需要适时开展联合专项或综合检查。
2.健全诚信体系。要进一步建立健全政府采购供应商、评审专家、社会代理机构不良行为记录公示制度(黑名单)，对供应商在参加政府采购活动中，因提供虚假材料谋取中标、与采购人或其他供应商或代理机构恶意串通、行贿或者提供其他不正当利益等违法违规行为而被查处的供应商(或代理机构)及其工作人员，要列入黑名单,予以公示曝光，维护政府采购各方的合法权益，净化政府采购市场秩序。同时，要进一步加强对政府采购评审专家的考核，对被通报批评、取消资格等处罚处理的评审专家，也要列入黑名单。
3.加强项目验收。要进一步加强
和完善对供应商履行采购合同情况的监督，研究出台政府采购项目履约验收实施办法，对通用性的采购项目，应建立由采购人、采购代理机构和相关监管部门人员组成的验收小组，对项目实施抽查验收;对技术复杂的采购项目，应探索建立相关技术专家或委托第三方机构进行检验验收。对供应商不按招标采购时的承诺履行合同或履行合同不力的，要按照相关规定予以严肃处理。
(二)着力推动政府采购管理创新。建立健全以采购需求标准为基础、以采购预算为约束、以采购计划为载体的需求管理与控制体系，促进采购活动不断向需求科学性、程序合规性、过程规范性、结果合理性转变。
1.探索推行政府采购预算。积极探索研究出台我区政府采购预算编制实施办法，推进政府采购管理与预算编制、资金支付、资产管理等的有机融合，进一步加强政府采购计划管理，对已经实行部门预算的，要在部门预算中编制政
府采购预算;对没有实行部门预算的，也要单独编制政府采购预算;没有预算的，原则上不得进行采购。
2.实施集约化政府采购管理。将分散在各个单位的采购需求、采购计划定期汇总整合，将相同或类似的采购需求实行统一打包招标的集约化政府采购。不断提高单次政府采购的规模，实现采购效益的最大化。
3.建立健全归口部门集中采购模式。对学校、医院等事业单位以及大港公司、区经济技术开发投资公司等国有企业的采购活动，要逐步改变层层下达资金、由基层单位分散采购的做法，积极探索建立由教育、卫生、控股公司等主管部门归口集中采购模式。
(三)着力扩大政府采购管理的范围。要严格落实各项法律、法规对政府采购的有关规定，切实做到应采尽采。
1.延伸监管对象。要按照《中共宁波市委、宁波市人民政府关于推进公共资源市场化配置的意见》精神要求，
对区属国有及控股企业，街道办事处、乡镇政府及其下属事业单位、专设临时机构、社区居委会，街道(乡镇)集体经济、村集体经济组织及全资或控股企业的所涉及的公共资源项目的交易活动纳入政府采购监管范围。
2.拓展采购范围。对单项或年度批量预算金额10万元以上的环境保洁、物业管理、造价咨询等服务项目要尽可能纳入政府采购管理范畴;对涉及工程的招标代理、监理、勘察、设计等服务项目的发包以及30万元以上的工程项目的施工发包的，要根据招投标法、政府采购法的相关规定，制定符合我区工程建设项目实际的办法措施。
(四)着力提升政府采购信息化水平。以现代先进信息化技术为支撑，实现对政府采购活动全过程监督管理，不断提高我区政府采购科学化、精细化管理水平的。
1.开发政府采购信息管理系统。实现采购需求随任务下达、采购文件自
动生成、供应商自行下载招标采购文件、网上投标报名、网上支付标书费及保证金等功能。同时，系统要同步纳入区公共资源交易监察系统。
2.扩大电子反拍系统的应用范围。在目前对计算机及外设、复印机及速印机、传真机、打印机、壁挂式及嵌入式空调、正版办公软件等协议采购货品实行电子反拍的基础上，逐步向墨盒、纸张等办公易耗品和其他通用性产品采购活动推广。
3.建立专家抽取语音通知系统。着手建立北仑区政府采购评标专家自动抽取和语音通知系统，实现政府采购评标专家抽取的整个过程全部由计算机自动完成，保证了专家通知的保密性，避免人为因素的干扰，确保政府采购专家评审公正、公平。
2016政府部门调研报告(2)
根据工作安排，今年6月份，区人大常委会法工委组成调研组，在区人大常委会副主任王建华带领下，对我区
法治政府建设情况进行了调研。调研组实地走访了区法院、黄岩国土资源分局、区环保局、区法制办、北洋镇、屿头乡等单位，召开了由区政府分管领导、区府办、区法制办等19个部门及部分区人大代表参加的座谈会，听取了区法制办专题工作汇报，征求了与会人员的意见和建议。现将有关调研情况报告如下:
一、我区法治政府建设基本情况
近年来，我区法治政府建设取得了明显进展，区政府及各职能部门、乡镇街道依法行政的能力和水平大幅提高。
一是领导重视程度不断加强。区政府及各职能部门对依法行政，推进法治政府建设工作历来比较重视，每年根据省市考核要求，结合我区实际，对全区法治政府建设进行及时部署安排。为进一步提高领导干部的法律水平，区政府与高校签订了推进法治政府建设合作协议，借助高校的师资力量，及时更新领导干部的法律知识储备，培养法治思
维，用法治方式解决问题。推进政府法律顾问制度，聘请律师作为法律顾问，在重大问题决策、化解热点难点问题等方面借助专业人士的力量，从源头上把好法律关，确保政府决策的合法性、合理性。认真落实行政负责人出庭应诉的相关规定，区政府领导的出庭率为100%，部门负责人出庭率为%。
二是工作机制不断完善。以《黄岩区人民政府工作规则》、《黄岩区人民政府重大行政决策工作规定》、《关于全面推行行政规范性文件统一登记统一编号统一发布制度的通知》等文件为核心，从重大行政决策、规范性文件管理、政府合同审查备案、行政执法监管、行政处罚案卷评查等方面加大制度建设力度，构建法制工作框架，建立起了完备有效的法治政府建设和依法行政制度体系。同时将法治政府建设纳入综合目标考核体系，逐年增加分值比重，促使部门、乡镇街道推进落实法治政府建设。
三是行政执法不断规范。对规范
性文件实行三统一制度，三年来(20xx-20xx年)共审查了52件规范性文件，有效地规范了抽象行政行为。实行政府合同报备案制度，确保政府合同的合法性，有效减少政府在商务活动中的法律风险。开展行政执法案卷评查，提高执法案卷的质量，规范执法行为。大力推行行政复议听证审议制度，提高行政复议案件办理结果的公信力。2014年以来我区的复议案件听证率逐年上升，最大限度地实现了案结事了的社会效果。
四是政府职能不断转变。深入推进四张清单一张网建设，努力打造法无授权不可为、法定责任必须为的有限政府。不断深化行政审批制度改革，保留了行政许可事项248项，取消了全部非行政许可，简化审批流程，压缩办理时期，努力打造高效政府。切实履行政府信息主动公开职责，依据权力清单，全面公开政府职能、法律依据、实施主体、职责权限等事项，推进行政权力公开化、
透明化，努力打造阳光政府。2015年，共主动公开政府信息16213条，受理公开政府信息申请93件，已全部办结，较好地保障了行政管理对象的知情权、参与权和监督权。
二、我区法治政府建设过程中存在的困难和问题
一是法治观念有待进一步提升。法治政府建设和依法行政工作不是一项单项工作，它贯穿于政府组织、决策、执行等各个环节，是一项具有基础价值的体系性工程和系统运行模式。但在工作当中，一些单位对新形势下法治政府建设和依法行政的重要性认识不足，对其本质理解有偏差，在推进的过程中存在形式化、口号化的倾向。有的干部不习惯用法治思维、法治方式和法律手段来处理、解决发展改革中面临的问题，对法治政府建设和依法行政与经济发展的辩证关系认识不足，在面临一些难点棘手问题时，甚至错误地认为依法工作妨碍了发展。
二是制度执行尚有差距。区政府已对政府合同、规范性文件、行政执法等工作建立了系统的管理机制，并组织了多次培训，但在实施过程中，落实仍有差距。一些单位在规范性文件送审时怕麻烦，不愿提交到法制办或不及时提交，导致有些违法内容出现在政府文件中。在行政执法过程中，秉公执法还不够。有些单位执法案卷不但质量差，而且在检查后整改落实不够到位，案卷质量经不起考究。有些职能部门负责人对出庭应诉存在抵触心理，觉得自己坐在被告席上有损形象。
三是行政执法存在一些不规范的现象。部分执法人员素质不高，依法行政意识不强，行政违法和不当行为得不到及时、有效的制止和纠正。执法过程中仍不同程度存在重实体、轻程序，调查取证不充分，行政处罚决定书说理性不强，引用错误或者不准确的法律依据等。从我区历年来发生的行政复议、行政诉讼的案件来看，绝大多数是因为
程序错误引起的。
四是法治建设监督机制有待进一步健全。目前我区在法治建设方面仍然缺乏一套行之有效的监督制约机制，特别是对行政权力的监督问责相对弱化，有些监督程序流于形式化和表面化，失去了监督的实效性和威慑力。联动机制亟待完善，法治政府建设涉及严格执法、公正司法、全民守法、法治队伍建设及监督制约等多方面，但有的单位片面认为法治政府建设就是就是法制办的工作，与其他单位关系不大;有的单位缺乏大局意识和合作精神，在涉及多个单位的工作中，常常出现推诿、不作为等现象，造成整体工作水平下降。
三、对我区法治政府建设的意见和建议
一是要充分认识新形势下加快建设法治政府的重要性紧迫性。加快建设法治政府是全面推进依法治国、建设中国特色社会主义法治体系的重要内容，行政机关作为国家权力机关的执行
机关，负有严格贯彻宪法法律的重要职责，是实施宪法法律的重要主体。行政机关的执法水平直接关系人民群众的切身利益，直接关系党和政府的公信力，依法治国目标的实现很大程度上决定于法治政府建设的进度和质量。当前，全面建成小康社会进入决定性阶段，改革进入攻坚期和深水区，改革发展稳定任务之重前所未有，矛盾风险挑战之多前所未有。面对新形势新任务，区政府及各职能部门要更加自觉地用法治眼光审视发展改革问题，用法治思维和法治方式破解发展改革难题，用法治规范保障发展改革成果。
二是要增强领导干部依法行政的意识和能力。区政府和各职能部门要高度重视依法行政工作，要改变依法行政与经济工作两张皮的现象，将依法行政工作纳入重要议事日程切实推进，落实到政府工作的各个方面、每个环节。领导干部要树立宪法法律至上的观念，切实增强依法行政的责任感，带头学习
法律知识，依法办事，严格执法，自觉按照法定程序、运用法律手段解决各种矛盾和问题。
三是要建立健全政府部门的监督问责机制。要加大信息公开，依法公开本部门行使职权的依据、条件、要求、过程和结果，让群众看得到、听得懂、能监督。要发挥法律顾问的积极作用，建立重大决策终身责任追究制度和责任倒查机制。要在全面总结以往经验基础上，完善法治政府建设考评指标体系和督促检查机制、激励引导机制，把法治建设作为全区各部门年度绩效考核的重要内容，提高分值比重，突出考评重点，把法治建设成效作为衡量各单位领导班子和领导干部工作实绩的重要内容。
四是要创新宣传方式增强法治宣传教育的社会效果。一方面要加强对执法工作人员的宣传教育，在传统的学法基础上，将黄岩近年来发生的行政复议和诉讼案件，汇编成册，以案说法，以身边事教育身边人，促使执法工作人
员转变思想观念，正确认识和处理人治和法治、权力与法律的关系，牢固树立法律权威至上、法律大于权力、权力服从法律的观念。另一方面要加强对广大人民群众的法治宣传教育，尤其对行政行为相对人的法治宣传教育。要围绕与群众现实生活密切相关的拆迁、劳动争议、环境保护、治安防范等问题以及社会关注的热点领域，有针对性地开展宣传教育，使人民群众不但熟悉法律，懂得运用法律保障自己的合法权益，更要改变以往信访不信法的局面。
第二篇： 2018 年法治政府建设情况报告
寿光市国土资源局
2018 年，在市委、市政府正确领导和法制部门业务指导下，我局全面贯彻落实《法治政府建设实施纲要》，以建设“法治政府”为目标，严格落实党政主要负责人履行推进法治建设第一责任人职责，不断强化组织领导、健全工作机制、规范行政行为、深化执法监督，法治政府建设取得明显成效，为地方经济社会发展做出积极贡献，连续七年保持省级文明单位称号。
一、加强组织领导 根据机构变动和干部调整情况，及时调整充实了法治政府建设工作领导小组，为政策法规科增加法律专业工作人员 2 名。局主要负责人作为领导小组组长先后多次召开会议，研究措施推进全系统法治政府建设工作，调度个别行政诉讼、复议案件处理。修订完善了党委理论学习中心组学法制度，落实法治政府建设经费 10 万元。制定了工作计划，加强对法治政府建设工作的考核评价，将其列入工作考核内容，作为考核各科室各单位工作的一项重要指标，并作为评定先进等次和推荐先进单位的重要依据。通过实行“机构、人员、经费、措施”四到位，进一步确保了法治政府建设工作的落实到位。
二、加强法治教育 围绕通用法律和专业法律知识，采取个人自学和集中培训相结合的办法，大力提升工作人员法律素养。实行全员培训、领导带头学习，定期举办“国土大讲堂”，选派业务骨干参加上级举办的执法监察、行政复议应诉、依法行政等培训班，并到先进单位学习考察，更新执法理念，拓宽工作视野。组织干部职工赴青岛农业大学、临沂沂蒙党性教育基地学习培训，为干部素质能力提升搭建了高层次平台。订阅了《法制日报》《中国国土资源报》《中国测绘报》等报刊，购买了《法律法规汇编》等普法宣传教育系列丛书，编印《国土资源管理文件汇编(2017-2018)》，配发到基层单位，供干部职工学习使用。建立了以考促学制度，组织了 4 次法律知识考试。注重加强行政执法人员的业务培训，执法人员都考取了行政执法证。同时，加强对外普法宣传，以镇村干部、企事业单位负责人为重点，通过广播、电视、报纸、网络、手机短信、微信和举办培训班等形式广泛宣传政策法规，选聘了村级国土资源咨询员，营造了关心支持国土资源工作的良好外部环境，在第七届全省“珍惜资源、爱我国土”有奖征文比赛中 51 人获奖，我局获优秀组织奖。
三、推行政务公开和依法决策 修订更新了《信息公开指南》《信息公开目录》，将工作职责、审批许可事项、办理程序、收费标准等通过门户网站、新闻媒体、服务大厅显示屏予以公开。建立了部门权力清单、服务清单和责任清单。借助寿光市政府网站、本部门门户网站，定期更新信息，办
理信息公开申请 14 起，发布行政许可、处罚信息 17 批 240 条，及时公开征地、矿业权、测绘资质等信息，政务信息网上公开工作获自然资源部通报表扬。落实《重大决策合法性审查和专家咨询论证制度》《重大行政执法决定法治审核制度》，聘请了 4 名律师为法律顾问，对建设用地和采矿权审批、土地整理项目安排和重大违法案件处理、大额经费使用等事项，全部实行领导班子集体研究，共召开党委会、局务会 42 次，研究议题 121 项，提高了依法决策、依法行政水平。对土地出让、转让等实行本局内部科室会审、市直有关部门联合会审，通过两级会审制度提高了审批透明度;在实施规范性文件制定、违法案件查处、规划调整、土地征收、基准地价调整等行政行为时，严格执行听证制度，切实维护了群众合法权益。搞好规范性文件的“立、改、废”工作，对工作中出现的新情况、新做法及时予以总结并上升为制度性规范，同时对规范性文件执行效果进行跟踪调查、分析评估，共报请市政府出台规范性文件 7个，为推进依法行政工作提供了依据和保障。
四、优化行政审批服务 推行延时服务、预约服务和上门服务，将 40 项纳入“一次办好”范围，减少申请材料 20 多项，开通网上查询、网上预约和手机缴费、微信支付等业务，审批时限压缩到法定时限的 30%。在潍坊市率先探索实行工业用地分割转让登记，农垦土地登记工作经验做法在全省推广。大力推进不动产登记提速提效，不动产登记办理时限由 30 个工作日缩短到 5 个工作日之内，其中，二手房过户 0.5
个工作日办结，查封、注销和查询类业务当场办结、立等可取。在全国首创不动产抵押登记“零见面”模式，率先在寿光农商银行试点并取得良好效果，实现从申请到出证全程网办， “一趟也不用跑”，12 月 6 日《大众日报》县域头条予以重点报道。省自然资源厅专门发文肯定我市不动产登记“一次办好”经验做法，并确定为“寿光模式”在全省予以推广。
五、严格规范执法行为 推进执法规范化建设，及时防范化解重大风险，对行政处罚事项进行梳理，细化了自由裁量标准，克服了以罚代管倾向。建立了行政执法全过程记录制度，编制了行政执法文书范本，定期组织执法案卷评查工作，在上级组织的案卷评查中获得优秀等次。注重防控机制建设，落实了执法巡查“零报告”制度，实行相关部门单位和镇(街区)联合执法，对管辖区域实行网格化、实名制管理，确保了第一时间发现、报告、制止和查处违法行为。积极推进大棚房、卫片执法、环保督察涉及违法占地整改，在省、潍坊市政府三次约谈中实现“零通报、零约谈、零问责”。联合法制办、财政局制定印发了《违法用地上新建的建筑物及其他设施没收、移交和处置办法(暂行)》，进一步规范对依法没收的违法用地上新建的建筑物及其他设施的移交处置工作，有效防止国有资产流失。严格规范征地补偿费拨付管理，维护了群众合法权益。健全矛盾纠纷多元化解机制落，积极稳妥解决群众诉求，整合工作力量，成立了群众诉求解决办公室，统一接收、转办、督办、反馈群众诉求问题，进一步提
升了群众满意度。
六、强化监督检查 坚持内部监督、社会监督、专门监督多措并举，促进了日常执法工作的公平公正。落实执法责任机制，对执法巡查不到位的工作人员进行通报批评，并追究分管领导的责任。细化分解任务目标，严格落实中央八项规定，修订完善了工作日中午禁酒和会议、考勤、车辆管理等制度，严肃查处违反规章制度、有损国土形象、工作不积极、工作落实不到位等现象。严格落实“三重一大”制度，推行廉政谈话提醒、重点岗位轮岗交流等制度，强化廉政风险点排查防控，保持了干部队伍清正廉洁。公布了举报投诉电话、信箱，开展了“慵懒散”专项治理活动，干部队伍作风得到切实转变。有15 人因违反工作纪律被通报批评，4 人被追究领导责任。认真做好行政应诉工作，坚持局领导到庭应诉，办理诉讼复议案件 21 起，自觉履行法院判决和裁定，并及时总结分析经验教训，制定完善措施，提升规范化水平。定期向人大、政协报告工作，共承办人大议案建议 5 件、政协提案 3 件、“双联”活动建议 3 件，全部按时反馈了办理结果，在人大、政协组织的部门评议中取得优秀等次。自觉接受监察、审计机关的监督，建立了与公安、检察机关的联席会议制度，有力促进了依法行政工作深入开展，树立起了国土资源部门的良好形象。
2018 年 12 月
第三篇：2018政府工作报告中英对照
政府工作报告
Report on the Work of the Government
——2018年3月5日在第十三届全国人民代表大会第一次会议上
– Delivered at the First Session of the 13th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China on March 5, 2018
国务院总理 李克强
Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council
各位代表：
Fellow Deputies,
现在，我代表国务院，向大会报告过去五年政府工作，对今年工作提出建议，请予审议，并请全国政协委员提出意见。
On behalf of the State Council, I will now report to you on the government’s work of the past five years and lay out what we propose for this year’s work for your deliberation and approval. I also invite comments from the members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).
一、过去五年工作回顾
I will begin with a review of our work over the past five years.
第十二届全国人民代表大会第一次会议以来的五年，是我国发展进程中极不平凡的五年。面对极其错综复杂的国内外形势，以习近平同志为核心的党中央团结带领全国各族人民砥砺前行，统筹推进“五位一体”总体布局，协调推进“四个全面”战略布局，改革开放和社会主义现代化建设全面开创新局面。党的十九大确立了习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的历史地位，制定了决胜全面建成小康社会、夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利的宏伟蓝图和行动纲领，具有重大现实意义和深远历史意义。各地区各部门不断增强政治意识、大局意识、核心意识、看齐意识，深入贯彻落实新发展理念，“十二五”规划圆满完成，“十三五”规划顺利实施，经济社会发展取得历史性成就、发生历史性变革。
The five years since the first session of the 12th National People’s Congress (NPC) have been a truly remarkable five years in the course of our country’s development. Facing an extremely complex environment both at home and abroad, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, has rallied and led the Chinese people of all ethnic groups to forge ahead. We have moved forward with the Five-Sphere Integrated Plan* and the Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy**, and made new advances on all fronts of reform, opening-up, and socialist modernization.
(* The “Five-sphere Integrated Plan” is a plan to promote coordinated economic, political, cultural, social, and ecological advancement.
** The “Four-pronged Comprehensive Strategy” is a strategy of comprehensive moves to finish building a moderately prosperous society in all respects, deepen reform, advance law-based governance, and strengthen Party self-governance.) At its 19th National Congress, the Party established the position in history of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and mapped out an inspiring blueprint and a program of action for securing a decisive victory in building a moderately prosperous society in all respects and for striving for the success of socialism with Chinese characteristics for a new era. This is of great immediate significance and far-reaching historical significance.
All regions and all government departments have strengthened their consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment. The new development philosophy has been thoroughly acted upon, the 12th Five-Year Plan has been fully completed, and implementation of the 13th Five-Year Plan has seen smooth progress. In economic and social development we have made historic achievements and seen historic change.
五年来，经济实力跃上新台阶。国内生产总值从54万亿元增加到82.7万亿元，年均增长7.1%，占世界经济比重从11.4%提高到15%左右，对世界经济增长贡献率超过30%。财政收入从11.7万亿元增加到17.3万亿元。居民消费价格年均上涨1.9%，保持较低水平。城镇新增就业6600万人以上，13亿多人口的大国实现了比较充分就业。 Over the past five years, economic strength has reached a new high.
China’s gross domestic product (GDP) has risen from 54 trillion to 82.7 trillion yuan, registering average annual growth of 7.1 percent; and its share in the global economy has grown to roughly 15 percent, up from 11.4 percent. China’s contribution to global growth has exceeded 30 percent. Government revenue has increased from 11.7 trillion to 17.3 trillion yuan. Consumer prices rose at an average annual rate of 1.9 percent, maintaining a relatively low level of growth. More than 66 million new urban jobs have been added, and our country, with its population of over 1.3 billion, has achieved relatively full employment.
五年来，经济结构出现重大变革。消费贡献率由54.9%提高到58.8%，服务业比重从45.3%上升到51.6%，成为经济增长主动力。高技术制造业年均增长11.7%。粮食生产能力达到1.2万亿斤。城镇化率从52.6%提高到58.5%，8000多万农业转移人口成为城镇居民。
Over the past five years, the structure of the Chinese economy has seen a major transformation.
With the share of the service sector rising from 45.3 to 51.6 percent of the economy, consumption’s contribution to growth has increased from 54.9 to 58.8 percent, becoming the main driver of growth. High-tech manufacturing has achieved an average annual increase of 11.7 percent, and the annual grain yield has reached 600 million metric tons. China’s urbanization rate has risen from 52.6 to 58.5 percent, and more than 80 million people who have relocated from rural to urban areas have gained permanent urban residency.
五年来，创新驱动发展成果丰硕。全社会研发投入年均增长11%，规模跃居世界第二位。科技进步贡献率由52.2%提高到57.5%。载人航天、深海探测、量子通信、大飞机等重大创新成果不断涌现。高铁网络、电子商务、移动支付、共享经济等引领世界潮流。“互联网+”广泛融入各行各业。大众创业、万众创新蓬勃发展，日均新设企业由5千多户增加到1万6千多户。快速崛起的新动能，正在重塑经济增长格局、深刻改变生产生活方式，成为中国创新发展的新标志。
Over the past five years, innovation-driven development has yielded fruitful outcomes.
China’s investment in research and development (R&D) has grown at an average annual rate of 11 percent, ranking second in the world in scale. The contribution of technological advances to economic growth has risen from 52.2 to 57.5 percent. In manned spaceflight, deep-water exploration, quantum communications, large aircraft development, and more, China has seen a stream of major outcomes of innovation. In high-speed rail, e-commerce, mobile payments, and the sharing economy, China is leading the world.
The Internet Plus model has permeated every industry and every field. Business startups and innovation are thriving all over the country, and the average number of new businesses opened daily has risen from over 5,000 to more than 16,000. Rapidly emerging new growth drivers are reshaping China’s growth model, are profoundly changing the way we live and work, and have become a new hallmark of China’s innovation-driven development.
五年来，改革开放迈出重大步伐。改革全面发力、多点突破、纵深推进，重要领域和关键环节改革取得突破性进展。简政放权、放管结合、优化服务等改革推动政府职能发生深刻转变，市场活力和社会创造力明显增强。“一带一路”建设成效显著，对外贸易和利用外资结构优化、规模稳居世界前列。
Over the past five years, significant headway has been made in reform and opening-up.
In reform, we have made strong moves across the board, secured major advances in many areas, and driven deeper in pursuing progress, making breakthroughs in reforms in important fields and key links. Reforms to streamline administration and delegate powers, improve regulation, and optimize services, have driven profound shifts in the functions of government, and significantly strengthened market dynamism and public creativity. The Belt and Road Initiative has been making major progress. The composition of both Chinese foreign trade and foreign investment in China has been improved, with volumes ranking among the largest in the world.
五年来，人民生活持续改善。脱贫攻坚取得决定性进展，贫困人口减少6800多万，易地扶贫搬迁830万人，贫困发生率由10.2%下降到3.1%。居民收入年均增长7.4%、超过经济增速，形成世界上人口最多的中等收入群体。出境旅游人次由8300万增加到1亿3千多万。社会养老保险覆盖9亿多人，基本医疗保险覆盖13.5亿人，织就了世界上最大的社会保障网。人均预期寿命达到76.7岁。棚户区住房改造2600多万套，农村危房改造1700多万户，上亿人喜迁新居。
Over the past five years, living standards have been constantly improving.
We have made decisive progress in the fight against poverty: More than 68 million people have been lifted out of poverty, including a total of 8.3 million relocated from inhospitable areas, and the poverty headcount ratio has dropped from 10.2 to 3.1 percent. Personal income has increased by an annual average of 7.4 percent, outpacing economic growth and creating the world’s largest middle-income group. Tourist departures have grown from 83 million to over 130 million. Social old-age pension schemes now cover more than 900 million people, and the basic health insurance plans cover 1.35 billion people, forming the largest social safety net in the world. On average, life expectancy has reached 76.7 years. Over 26 million housing units have been rebuilt in rundown urban areas, and more than 17 million dilapidated houses have been renovated in rural areas. Thanks to these efforts, more than one hundred million Chinese have moved into new homes.
五年来，生态环境状况逐步好转。制定实施大气、水、土壤污染防治三个“十条”并取得扎实成效。单位国内生产总值能耗、水耗均下降20%以上，主要污染物排放量持续下降，重点城市重污染天数减少一半，森林面积增加1.63亿亩，沙化土地面积年均缩减近2000平方公里，绿色发展呈现可喜局面。
Over the past five years, the environment has seen gradual improvement.
To address air, water, and soil pollution, we have designed and enforced a ten-point list of measures for each and achieved solid progress. Both energy and water consumption per unit of GDP have fallen more than 20 percent, the release of major pollutants has been consistently declining, and the number of days of heavy air pollution in key cities has fallen 50 percent. Forest coverage has increased by 10.87 million hectares, and the area of desertified land has been reduced by close to 2,000 square kilometers on average each year. Encouraging progress has been made in green development.
刚刚过去的2017年，经济社会发展主要目标任务全面完成并好于预期。国内生产总值增长6.9%，居民收入增长7.3%，增速均比上年有所加快;城镇新增就业1351万人，失业率为多年来最低;工业增速回升，企业利润增长21%;财政收入增长7.4%，扭转了增速放缓态势;进出口增长14.2%，实际使用外资1363亿美元、创历史新高。经济发展呈现出增长与质量、结构、效益相得益彰的良好局面。这是五年来一系列重大政策效应累积，各方面不懈努力、久久为功的结果。
In the year just passed, all main targets and tasks for economic and social development were accomplished and performance has exceeded expectations. GDP grew 6.9 percent and personal income rose 7.3 percent, both beating the previous year’s growth rates. Around 13.51 million new urban jobs were created, and the jobless rate was the lowest in recent years. Industrial growth began to rebound, and corporate profits increased 21 percent. Government revenue grew 7.4 percent, reversing the slowdown in growth. The total import and export value rose 14.2 percent. Inward foreign investment reached 136.3 billion U.S. dollars, hitting a new all-time high.
The state of play in the economy was good, with growth and quality, structural improvement, and performance each reinforcing the other. This is the result of the cumulative effect of a raft of major policies over the past five years and of consistent efforts in all areas of endeavor.
过去五年取得的全方位、开创性成就，发生的深层次、根本性变革，再次令世界瞩目，全国各族人民倍感振奋和自豪。
Over the past five years, the ground-breaking achievements made on every front and the profound and fundamental changes that have taken place, have attracted global attention and are the pride and inspiration of all of us in China.
五年来，我们认真贯彻以习近平同志为核心的党中央决策部署，主要做了以下工作。
Over the past five years, we have worked with dedication to implement the decisions and plans made by the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core. The following are the highlights of that work:
(一)坚持稳中求进工作总基调，着力创新和完善宏观调控，经济运行保持在合理区间、实现稳中向好。
First, with a commitment to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, we have focused on developing new and better approaches to macro regulation, kept major indicators within an appropriate range, and achieved stable, positive economic performance.
这些年，世界经济复苏乏力，国际金融市场跌宕起伏，保护主义明显抬头。我国经济发展中结构性问题和深层次矛盾凸显，经济下行压力持续加大，遇到不少两难多难抉择。面对这种局面，我们保持战略定力，坚持不搞“大水漫灌”式强刺激，而是适应把握引领经济发展新常态，统筹稳增长、促改革、调结构、惠民生、防风险，不断创新和完善宏观调控，确立区间调控的思路和方式，加强定向调控、相机调控、精准调控。明确强调只要经济运行在合理区间，就业增加、收入增长、环境改善，就集中精力促改革、调结构、添动力。采取既利当前更惠长远的举措，着力推进供给侧结构性改革，适度扩大总需求，推动实现更高层次的供需动态平衡。经过艰辛努力，我们顶住了经济下行压力、避免了“硬着陆”，保持了经济中高速增长，促进了结构优化，经济长期向好的基本面不断巩固和发展。
The past few years have witnessed anemic world economic recovery, volatility in global financial markets, and a sharp rise in protectionism. In China, structural issues and underlying problems have become more acute, downward pressure on the economy has continued to mount, and we have met with no small number of dilemmas.
In confronting this new environment, we have maintained strategic focus and refrained from resorting to a deluge of strong stimulus policies. Instead, we have adapted to, addressed, and steered the new normal in economic development, and taken coordinated steps to ensure steady growth, advance reform, make structural adjustments, improve living standards, and guard against risk. We have made fresh innovations in and refined macro regulation, developed the idea of and ways to achieve ranged-based regulation, and enhanced targeted, well-timed, and precision regulation.
We have been clear that as long as the major economic indicators are within an acceptable range, with employment growing, incomes increasing, and the environment improving, then our energies should be focused on advancing reform, making structural adjustments, and adding growth drivers.
We have adopted measures that are good for the near term and even better for the long term, made strong moves to advance supply-side structural reform, appropriately expanded aggregate demand, and worked for a dynamic equilibrium of supply and demand at a higher level.
With grit and determination, we have overcome downward pressure on the economy, avoided a “hard landing,” maintained a medium-high growth rate, and promoted structural upgrading. The economic fundamentals that will sustain long-term growth have been cemented and enhanced.
坚持实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策。在财政收支矛盾较大情况下，着眼“放水养鱼”、增强后劲，我国率先大幅减税降费。分步骤全面推开营改增，结束了66年的营业税征收历史，累计减税超过2万亿元，加上采取小微企业税收优惠、清理各种收费等措施，共减轻市场主体负担3万多亿元。加强地方政府债务管理，实施地方政府存量债务置换，降低利息负担1.2万亿元。调整财政支出结构，盘活沉淀资金，保障基本民生和重点项目。财政赤字率一直控制在3%以内。货币政策保持稳健中性，广义货币M2增速呈下降趋势，信贷和社会融资规模适度增长。采取定向降准、专项再贷款等差别化政策，加强对重点领域和薄弱环节支持，小微企业贷款增速高于各项贷款平均增速。改革完善汇率市场化形成机制，保持人民币汇率基本稳定，外汇储备转降为升。妥善应对“钱荒”等金融市场异常波动，规范金融市场秩序，防范化解重点领域风险，守住了不发生系统性风险的底线，维护了国家经济金融安全。
We have continued to follow a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy. Despite a fairly big imbalance between government revenue and expenditure, China has led the way in slashing taxes and fees with the aim of using accommodative measures to strengthen the basis for sustained growth. Step by step, we have extended the replacement of business tax with value added tax (VAT) to all sectors across the country, calling time on the 66-year history of business tax. The result so far has been a tax cut of more than 2 trillion yuan. We have also adopted measures like preferential tax policies for small low-profit businesses and an overhaul of different types of fees. All in all, our market entities have seen savings of more than 3 trillion yuan. We have strengthened management over local government debt, and issued local government bonds to replace outstanding debt, cutting interest liability by 1.2 trillion yuan. We have adjusted the structure of government expenditure, put idle funds to work, and ensured the spending for undertaking major projects and meeting basic public needs. The deficit-to-GDP ratio has been kept within 3 percent. Monetary policy has remained prudent and neutral. The M2 money supply growth rate has been trending downward, while credit and aggregate financing have seen moderate growth. Differentiated policies, such as targeted reserve requirement ratio cuts and targeted re-lending, have been adopted to strengthen support for key fields and weak links. The growth of loans to small and micro businesses has outstripped the average growth in lending. We have reformed and improved the market-based exchange rate mechanism and kept the RMB exchange rate basically stable; and foreign exchange reserves are now rising not falling. We have responded appropriately to abnormal market fluctuations such as the cash crunch, brought better order to the financial markets, prevented and diffused risks in key sectors, forestalled systemic risks, and thus safeguarded China’s economic and financial security.
(二)坚持以供给侧结构性改革为主线，着力培育壮大新动能，经济结构加快优化升级。紧紧依靠改革破解经济发展和结构失衡难题，大力发展新兴产业，改造提升传统产业，提高供给体系质量和效率。
Second, with a commitment to treating supply-side structural reform as our main task, we have focused on fostering new growth drivers to speed up economic structural upgrading.
We have persevered in relying on reform to overcome economic difficulties and address structural imbalances, made a big push to foster emerging industries, overhauled and strengthened traditional industries, and improved the quality and performance of the supply system.
扎实推进“三去一降一补”。五年来，在淘汰水泥、平板玻璃等落后产能基础上，以钢铁、煤炭等行业为重点加大去产能力度，中央财政安排1000亿元专项奖补资金予以支持，用于分流职工安置。退出钢铁产能1.7亿吨以上、煤炭产能8亿吨，安置分流职工110多万人。因城施策分类指导，三四线城市商品住宅去库存取得明显成效，热点城市房价涨势得到控制。积极稳妥去杠杆，控制债务规模，增加股权融资，工业企业资产负债率连续下降，宏观杠杆率涨幅明显收窄、总体趋于稳定。多措并举降成本，压减政府性基金项目30%，削减中央政府层面设立的涉企收费项目60%以上，阶段性降低“五险一金”缴费比例，推动降低用能、物流、电信等成本。突出重点加大补短板力度。
Solid work has moved us forward in the five priority tasks of cutting overcapacity, reducing excess inventory, deleveraging, lowering costs, and strengthening areas of weakness. Over the past five years, building on work to cut backward production capacity in the cement, plate glass, and other industries, we have intensified efforts to cut overcapacity, prioritizing industries such as steel and coal; and a 100-billion-yuan fund for rewards and subsidies has been put in place by the central government to support efforts to assist affected employees. We have cut steel production capacity by more than 170 million metric tons and coal production capacity by 800 million metric tons, and over 1.1 million affected employees have been assisted.
Thanks to city-specific policies and category-specific guidance, clear progress has been made in reducing commercial residential housing inventory in third- and fourth-tier cities, and the growth of housing prices in the most popular cities has been brought under control.
We have taken active and prudent steps to deleverage, control the scale of debts, and expand equity finance. The debt-to-asset ratio of industrial enterprises has been consistently declining. Macro leverage ratio is increasing by much smaller margins and is generally stable.
We have used a combination of measures to bring down costs: 30 percent of government-managed funds and fees have been cut; over 60 percent of the fees and charges levied on businesses by the central government have been abolished; the ratio of enterprise contributions to old-age pension, medical insurance, unemployment insurance, and maternity insurance, workers’ compensation, and housing provident fund schemes has been reduced for the time being, and work has been done to lower energy, logistics, and telecommunications costs.
We have stepped up efforts to strengthen areas of weakness, with a focus on key issues.
加快新旧发展动能接续转换。深入开展“互联网+”行动，实行包容审慎监管，推动大数据、云计算、物联网广泛应用，新兴产业蓬勃发展，传统产业深刻重塑。实施“中国制造2025”，推进工业强基、智能制造、绿色制造等重大工程，先进制造业加快发展。出台现代服务业改革发展举措，服务新业态新模式异军突起，促进了各行业融合升级。深化农业供给侧结构性改革，新型经营主体大批涌现，种植业适度规模经营比重从30%提升到40%以上。采取措施增加中低收入者收入，推动传统消费提档升级、新兴消费快速兴起，网上零售额年均增长30%以上，社会消费品零售总额年均增长11.3%。优化投资结构，鼓励民间投资，发挥政府投资撬动作用，引导更多资金投向强基础、增后劲、惠民生领域。高速铁路运营里程从9000多公里增加到2万5千公里、占世界三分之二，高速公路里程从9.6万公里增加到13.6万公里，新建改建农村公路127万公里，新建民航机场46个，开工重大水利工程122项，完成新一轮农村电网改造，建成全球最大的移动宽带网。五年来，发展新动能迅速壮大，经济增长实现由主要依靠投资、出口拉动转向依靠消费、投资、出口协同拉动，由主要依靠第二产业带动转向依靠三次产业共同带动。这是我们多年想实现而没有实现的重大结构性变革。
We have sped up the replacement of old growth drivers.
We have done more in carrying out the Internet Plus Initiative, exercised accommodative and prudential regulation, and promoted the extensive application of big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things; emerging industries have achieved vigorous growth, and traditional industries have undergone a thorough remodeling.
Implementation of the Made in China 2025 Initiative has brought progress in major projects like the building of robust industrial foundations, smart manufacturing, and green manufacturing, and has accelerated the development of advanced manufacturing.
We unveiled reform and development measures to foster modern services; and this has led to a marked rise in new forms of business in the services sector and new service models as well as the integration and upgrading of multiple sectors. Deepened supply-side structural reform in agriculture has brought the emergence of a large number of new types of agribusiness. The share of appropriately scaled-up farming has increased from 30 to over 40 percent.
We have taken measures to increase the incomes of those in low- and middle-income brackets, and helped to see an upgrading of traditional forms of consumption, and a boom in new forms of consumption. Online retail sales have been growing at an average annual rate of over 30 percent, and total retail sales of consumer goods have enjoyed an average annual increase of 11.3 percent.
We have improved the composition of investment, encouraged private investment, used government investment to play a catalytic role, and guided more funding toward areas that strengthen the economic foundation, enhance sustainability, and improve people’s lives.
China’s in-operation high-speed railways have grown from over 9,000 to 25,000 kilometers, accounting for two thirds of the world’s total. Our expressways have grown from 96,000 to 136,000 kilometers. We have built or upgraded 1.27 million kilometers of rural roads, built 46 new civilian airports, and begun work on 122 major water conservancy projects. We have completed the latest round of rural power grid upgrading, and put in place the largest mobile broadband network in the world.
Over the past five years, new growth drivers have rapidly grown in strength. Economic growth, in the past mainly driven by investment and exports, is now being fueled by consumption, investment, and exports. In the past dependent mainly on secondary industry, growth is now powered by a combination of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. This is a major structural transformation that for years our sights have been set on, but we were always unable to achieve.
推进供给侧结构性改革，必须破除要素市场化配置障碍，降低制度性交易成本。针对长期存在的重审批、轻监管、弱服务问题，我们持续深化“放管服”改革，加快转变政府职能，减少微观管理、直接干预，注重加强宏观调控、市场监管和公共服务。五年来，国务院部门行政审批事项削减44%，非行政许可审批彻底终结，中央政府层面核准的企业投资项目减少90%，行政审批中介服务事项压减74%，职业资格许可和认定大幅减少。中央政府定价项目缩减80%，地方政府定价项目缩减50%以上。全面改革工商登记、注册资本等商事制度，企业开办时间缩短三分之一以上。创新和加强事中事后监管，实行“双随机、一公开”，随机抽取检查人员和检查对象、及时公开查处结果，提高了监管效能和公正性。推行“互联网+政务服务”，实施一站式服务等举措。营商环境持续改善，市场活力明显增强，群众办事更加便利。
Advancing supply-side structural reform demands removing barriers to market based allocation of the factors of production and reducing government-imposed transaction costs.
To address the longstanding issues of excessive emphasis on approval procedures, insufficient attention to regulatory processes, and a failure to provide strong services, we have been consistently deepening reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, improve regulation, and strengthen services.
We have sped up efforts to transform government functions, reduced micromanagement and direct intervention, and done more to improve macro regulation, market regulation, and public services.
Over the past five years, the number of items subject to approval by State Council offices and departments has been slashed by 44 percent, the practice of non-administrative approval has been completely put to a stop, the number of business investment items subject to central government approval has been cut by 90 percent, intermediary services needed for obtaining government approval have been cut by 74 percent, and the requirements for professional qualification approval and accreditation have been significantly reduced. The number of items for which central government sets the prices has been cut back by 80 percent, and local government-priced items have been cut down by over 50 percent. Comprehensive reforms have swept the business system, including business and capital registration, reducing the time it takes to start a business by over a third.
We have developed new and better ways of conducting compliance oversight, and introduced a new model of oversight combining randomly selected inspectors who inspect randomly selected entities and the prompt release of results. These efforts have made regulation more effective and impartial.
We have rolled out the Internet Plus Government Services model and adopted measures such as the one-stop service model.
Thanks to the above reforms, the business environment has consistently improved, the market is more energized, and people can access government services more easily.
(三)坚持创新引领发展，着力激发社会创造力，整体创新能力和效率显著提高。实施创新驱动发展战略，优化创新生态，形成多主体协同、全方位推进的创新局面。扩大科研机构和高校科研自主权，改进科研项目和经费管理，深化科技成果权益管理改革。支持北京、上海建设科技创新中心，新设14个国家自主创新示范区，带动形成一批区域创新高地。以企业为主体加强技术创新体系建设，涌现一批具有国际竞争力的创新型企业和新型研发机构。深入开展大众创业、万众创新，实施普惠性支持政策，完善孵化体系。各类市场主体达到9800多万户，五年增加70%以上。国内有效发明专利拥有量增加两倍，技术交易额翻了一番。我国科技创新由跟跑为主转向更多领域并跑、领跑，成为全球瞩目的创新创业热土。
Third, with a commitment to innovation-driven development, and a focus on unlocking public creativity, we have achieved a remarkable improvement in our general capacity for making innovations and for seeing that innovation delivers.
We have put into action the innovation-driven development strategy and worked to build a better ecosystem for innovation, giving shape to innovation involving multiple actors making across-the-board advances.
Research institutes and universities now have greater say over their research; research projects and funding are better managed, and the way of managing rights and interests relating to scientific and technological advances has undergone reform.
We have supported Beijing and Shanghai in building themselves into centers for scientific and technological innovation, and set up 14 new national innovation demonstration zones, thus creating a number of regional innovation hubs.
With enterprises as the main actors, we have boosted the development of a system for technological innovation. China has seen the emergence of a number of world-class innovative enterprises and new-type R&D institutions.
We have launched and taken bold moves in the nationwide business startup and innovation initiative, adopted support policies designed to benefit all entrepreneurs and innovators, and improved the incubation system.
China’s market entities, all types included, now total over 98 million, an increase of more than 70 percent over the past five years. The number of in-force Chinese invention patents issued in China has tripled, and the volume of technology transactions has doubled. In the global race of scientific and technological innovation, China has shifted place, from following others to keeping pace and even leading the pack in more and more areas. Our country has become a globally recognized fertile ground for innovation and business ventures.
(四)坚持全面深化改革，着力破除体制机制弊端，发展动力不断增强。国企国资改革扎实推进，公司制改革基本完成，兼并重组、压减层级、提质增效取得积极进展。国有企业效益明显好转，去年利润增长23.5%。深化能源、铁路、盐业等领域改革。放宽非公有制经济市场准入。建立不动产统一登记制度。完善产权保护制度。财税改革取得重大进展，全面推行财政预决算公开，构建以共享税为主的中央和地方收入分配格局，启动中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革，中央对地方一般性转移支付规模大幅增加、专项转移支付项目减少三分之二。基本放开利率管制，建立存款保险制度，推动大中型商业银行设立普惠金融事业部，深化政策性、开发性金融机构改革，强化金融监管协调机制。完善城乡义务教育均衡发展促进机制，改革考试招生制度。建立统一的城乡居民基本养老、医疗保险制度，实现机关事业单位和企业养老保险制度并轨。出台划转部分国有资本充实社保基金方案。实施医疗、医保、医药联动改革，全面推开公立医院综合改革，取消长期实行的药品加成政策，药品医疗器械审批制度改革取得突破。推进农村承包地“三权”分置改革、确权面积超过80%，改革重要农产品收储制度。完善主体功能区制度，建立生态文明绩效考评和责任追究制度，推行河长制、湖长制，开展省级以下环保机构垂直管理制度改革试点。各领域改革的深化，推动了经济社会持续健康发展。
Fourth, with a commitment to deepening reform across the board, we have taken major steps to remove institutional barriers, thus steadily boosting the driving forces powering development.
Solid progress has been made in the reform of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) and state assets; the reform to convert SOEs into standard companies has now basically been completed; and efforts to merge and restructure, reduce the organizational levels in, and improve the quality and efficiency of SOEs have made good progress. The performance of SOEs has been much improved, with profits last year growing by 23.5 percent. We have deepened reform in sectors like energy, rail, and the salt industry.
Market access to the non-public sector has been expanded. An integrated registration system for immovable property has been put in place, and the property rights protection system has been improved.
Fiscal and tax reforms have made major progress. We have introduced the requirement nationwide for government budgets and final accounts to be released to the public, developed a system based mainly on tax sharing for dividing revenue between central and local government, launched the reform to define the respective financial powers and expenditure responsibilities of central and local government, and significantly scaled up general transfer payments from central to local government, while also cutting by two thirds the number of items for which special purpose transfer payments are made.
We have largely lifted controls on interest rates, established a deposit insurance system, encouraged large and medium commercial banks to set up inclusive finance divisions, deepened the reform of policy-backed and development financial institutions, and strengthened the mechanisms for coordinating financial regulation.
We have improved the mechanisms for promoting more balanced development of urban and rural compulsory education, and reformed the examination and enrollment systems.
We have established unified basic pension and health insurance schemes for rural and non-working urban residents, and brought government office and public institution pension schemes into line with enterprise schemes. We have unveiled a plan for appropriating a share of state capital to replenish social security funds. We have carried out coordinated medical service, medical insurance, and pharmaceutical reforms. We have introduced a comprehensive reform in all public hospitals, rescinded the policy, long in effect, of allowing hospitals to profit from higher priced medicine, and made breakthroughs in the reform of approval systems for medicine and medical devices.
We have pursued reform to separate rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and use rights, and already seen that over 80 percent of contracted rural land covered by this reform. We have reformed the system for purchasing and stockpiling important agricultural products.
We have improved the functional zoning system, established performance evaluation and accountability systems for ecological conservation, and instituted the river chief and lake chief systems. We have piloted a system placing government environmental offices below the provincial level directly under the supervision of provincial-level environmental offices.
The deepening of reform in each and every field has given a boost to sustained, healthy economic and social development.
(五)坚持对外开放的基本国策，着力实现合作共赢，开放型经济水平显著提升。倡导和推动共建“一带一路”，发起创办亚投行，设立丝路基金，一批重大互联互通、经贸合作项目落地。设立上海等11个自贸试验区，一批改革试点成果向全国推广。改革出口退税负担机制、退税增量全部由中央财政负担，设立13个跨境电商综合试验区，国际贸易“单一窗口”覆盖全国，货物通关时间平均缩短一半以上，进出口实现回稳向好。外商投资由审批制转向负面清单管理，限制性措施削减三分之二。外商投资结构优化，高技术产业占比提高一倍。加大引智力度，来华工作的外国专家增加40%。引导对外投资健康发展。推进国际产能合作，高铁、核电等装备走向世界。新签和升级8个自由贸易协定。沪港通、深港通、债券通相继启动，人民币加入国际货币基金组织特别提款权货币篮子，人民币国际化迈出重要步伐。中国开放的扩大，有力促进了自身发展，给世界带来重大机遇。
Fifth, with a commitment to China’s fundamental policy of opening-up, we have focused on promoting win-win cooperation, and significantly improved the performance of our country’s open economy.
We have launched and worked with other countries in the Belt and Road Initiative. We initiated the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, set up the Silk Road Fund, and launched a number of major connectivity and economic and trade cooperation initiatives. Beginning with the China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone, we have established 11 pilot free trade zones. A number of successful outcomes from pilot reforms are now being applied nationwide.
We have reformed the cost-sharing mechanism for export tax rebates, and the central government now pays the full sum of increases in export tax rebates. We have set up 13 comprehensive experimental zones for cross-border e-commerce. Single-window document processing for international trade has been applied nationwide, cutting the average time for customs clearance by over half. Imports and exports have rebounded and steadily grown.
For foreign investment, we have replaced the approval system with a negative list model, and have cut restrictions by two thirds. The composition of foreign investment has improved, with investment in high-tech industries doubling. We have intensified efforts to attract talent, and the number of foreign experts working in China has grown by 40 percent.
We have guided the healthy development of outbound investment. We have moved forward with international cooperation on production capacity; high-speed rail, nuclear power, and other types of Chinese equipment have entered international markets. We have signed or upgraded eight free trade agreements. We have launched the Shanghai-Hong Kong Stock Connect, the Shenzhen-Hong Kong Stock Connect, and the Bond Connect. The RMB was included in the IMF’s Special Drawing Rights basket, representing a major step forward in its internationalization.
China has opened its doors wider to the world. This opening has played a powerful role in our own development, and it presents important opportunities for the rest of the world.
(六)坚持实施区域协调发展和新型城镇化战略，着力推动平衡发展，新的增长极增长带加快成长。积极推进京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展，编制实施相关规划，建设一批重点项目。出台一系列促进西部开发、东北振兴、中部崛起、东部率先发展的改革创新举措。加大对革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区、贫困地区扶持力度，加强援藏援疆援青工作。海洋保护和开发有序推进。实施重点城市群规划，促进大中小城市和小城镇协调发展。绝大多数城市放宽落户限制，居住证制度全面实施，城镇基本公共服务向常住人口覆盖。城乡区域发展协调性显著增强。
Sixth, with a commitment to implementing the coordinated regional development and new urbanization strategies, we have promoted more balanced development, and seen new growth poles and belts developing faster.
We have actively pursued coordinated development of Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei, and the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt, drawn up and implemented related plans, and undertaken a number of key projects. We have unveiled a whole series of reforms and innovative measures to see the western region develop, northeast China revitalized, the central region rise, and the eastern region spearhead development. We have stepped up support for old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, border areas, and poor areas, and strengthened aid work in Tibet, Xinjiang, and Qinghai. We have steadily moved forward with protecting and developing maritime resources.
We have implemented plans for developing major city clusters, and pursued more balanced development of small, medium, and large cities, and small towns. The vast majority of cities in China have eased restrictions on permanent residency. A residence card system has been put into effect nationwide, and basic urban public services now cover all permanent residents. Development between urban and rural areas and between regions has become better coordinated.
(七)坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，着力保障和改善民生，人民群众获得感不断增强。在财力紧张情况下，持续加大民生投入。全面推进精准扶贫、精准脱贫，健全中央统筹、省负总责、市县抓落实的工作机制，中央财政五年投入专项扶贫资金2800多亿元。实施积极的就业政策，重点群体就业得到较好保障。坚持教育优先发展，财政性教育经费占国内生产总值比例持续超过4%。改善农村义务教育薄弱学校办学条件，提高乡村教师待遇，营养改善计划惠及3600多万农村学生。启动世界一流大学和一流学科建设。重点高校专项招收农村和贫困地区学生人数由1万人增加到10万人。加大对各类学校家庭困难学生资助力度，4.3亿人次受益。劳动年龄人口平均受教育年限提高到10.5年。居民基本医保人均财政补助标准由240元提高到450元，大病保险制度基本建立、已有1700多万人次受益，异地就医住院费用实现直接结算，分级诊疗和医联体建设加快推进。持续合理提高退休人员基本养老金。提高低保、优抚等标准，完善社会救助制度，近6000万低保人员和特困群众基本生活得到保障。建立困难和重度残疾人“两项补贴”制度，惠及2100多万人。实施全面两孩政策。加快发展文化事业，文化产业年均增长13%以上。全民健身广泛开展，体育健儿勇创佳绩。
Seventh, with a commitment to a people-centered development philosophy, we have endeavored to ensure and improve living standards and seen the growing satisfaction of the people.
Despite fiscal constraints, we have consistently increased spending on improving people’s living standards. We have made comprehensive moves in targeted poverty reduction and alleviation, and built a robust working mechanism with central government responsible for overall planning, provincial-level governments assuming overall responsibility, and city and county governments responsible for program implementation. Over the past five years, the central government has appropriated over 280 billion yuan to fund poverty reduction.
We have implemented a proactive employment policy and ensured that key target groups have better access to employment.
We have been committed to prioritizing the development of education; and government spending on education has remained above four percent of GDP. In rural areas, we have improved conditions in badly built and poorly operated schools providing compulsory education, and increased the pay packages of teachers, and our Better Nutrition Plan has benefited more than 36 million students. We have launched an initiative to build world-class universities and world-class disciplines. The number of students from rural and poor areas enrolled in key universities through special programs has grown from 10,000 to 100,000. We have increased financial aid to students from financially-challenged families studying in all types of schools, giving out 430 million grants in total. The average length of schooling of the working-age population has been raised to 10.5 years.
Government subsidies for basic medical insurance schemes have been increased from 240 to 450 yuan per person; the serious disease insurance system is basically in place, and has already benefited more than 17 million people; the costs of hospitalization can now be settled where incurred; and the development of tiered medical diagnosis and treatment and healthcare consortiums has picked up pace.
We have consistently made appropriate increases to basic old-age pensions for retirees. We have raised subsistence allowances, benefits for entitled groups, and other allowances, and improved the social assistance system, ensuring the livelihoods of close to 60 million people on subsistence allowances or living in extreme poverty. We have put in place a system to provide living allowances for people with disabilities in financial difficulty and nursing care subsidies for people with serious disabilities, a system that has benefited over 21 million people. All couples can now have two children.
We have moved faster to develop cultural programs, and seen the cultural industry grow at an average annual rate of over 13 percent. We have carried out Fitness-for-All programs, which are now in full swing; and Chinese athletes have excelled in competition.
(八)坚持人与自然和谐发展，着力治理环境污染，生态文明建设取得明显成效。树立绿水青山就是金山银山理念，以前所未有的决心和力度加强生态环境保护。重拳整治大气污染，重点地区细颗粒物(PM2.5)平均浓度下降30%以上。加强散煤治理，推进重点行业节能减排，71%的煤电机组实现超低排放。优化能源结构，煤炭消费比重下降8.1个百分点，清洁能源消费比重提高6.3个百分点。提高燃油品质，淘汰黄标车和老旧车2000多万辆。加强重点流域海域水污染防治，化肥农药使用量实现零增长。推进重大生态保护和修复工程，扩大退耕还林还草还湿，加强荒漠化、石漠化、水土流失综合治理。开展中央环保督察，严肃查处违法案件。积极推动《巴黎协定》签署生效，我国在应对全球气候变化中发挥了重要作用。
Eighth, with a commitment to achieving harmony between human and nature, we have taken major steps to address pollution, and achieved notable progress in ecological conservation.
We have established the notion that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets and acted with resolve and intensity as never before to strengthen environmental protection. We have struck out hard against air pollution, thus achieving a drop of over 30 percent in the average density of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in key areas. We have done more to reduce the use of low quality coal, pushed for progress in energy conservation and emission reductions in key industries, and seen 71 percent of coal-fired power plants achieving ultra-low emissions. We have improved the energy mix, cutting the share of coal consumption by 8.1 percentage points and increasing the share of clean energy consumption by 6.3 percentage points. We have improved fuel quality, and taken over 20 million high-emission and old vehicles off the roads.
We have strengthened prevention and control measures against water pollution in key drainage basins and sea areas, and achieved zero growth in chemical fertilizer and pesticide use. We have pursued major ecological conservation and restoration projects, expanded the coverage of initiatives to turn marginal farmland into forest, grassland, and wetlands, and intensified comprehensive efforts to curb desertification, rock desertification, and soil erosion.
We have launched central government inspections on environmental protection and investigated and prosecuted cases involving legal violations.
We worked toward and saw that the Paris Agreement was put into force; China has played an important role in responding to global climate change.
(九)坚持依法全面履行政府职能，着力加强和创新社会治理，社会保持和谐稳定。提请全国人大常委会制定修订法律95部，制定修订行政法规195部，修改废止一大批部门规章。省、市、县政府部门制定公布权责清单。开展国务院大督查和专项督查，对积极作为、成效突出的给予表彰和政策激励，对不作为的严肃问责。创新城乡基层治理。完善信访工作制度。扩大法律援助范围。促进安全生产领域改革发展，事故总量和重特大事故数量持续下降。改革完善食品药品监管，强化风险全程管控。加强地震、特大洪灾等防灾减灾救灾工作，健全分级负责、相互协同的应急机制，最大程度降低了灾害损失。加强国家安全。健全社会治安防控体系，依法打击各类违法犯罪，有力维护了公共安全。
Ninth, with a commitment to fully performing government functions in accordance with law, we have focused on enhancing and developing new forms of social governance, and ensured social harmony and stability.
We have submitted proposals to the NPC Standing Committee on formulating or revising 95 laws, formulated or revised 195 sets of administrative regulations, and revised or rescinded a large number of government department regulations. Lists of powers and obligations have been formulated and released by provincial, city, and county government departments. We have introduced State Council accountability inspections and special inspections, and commended and created policy incentives for those working proactively and doing an outstanding job, while holding strictly to account those failing to fulfill their duties.
We have been making innovations in urban and rural primary level governance. The system for handling public complaints has been improved. The coverage of legal aid has been expanded. We have promoted reform and improvements in workplace safety, and seen a continued drop in both the total number of accidents and the number of serious and major accidents. We have reformed and improved food and drug regulation and strengthened risk control over all related processes.
We have strengthened work on preventing, reducing, and providing relief for disasters, including earthquakes and serious flooding, and built stronger emergency response mechanisms employing a division of responsibilities between levels and close coordination. With this we have minimized the damage and loss inflicted by disasters to the greatest possible extent.
China’s national security is better safeguarded. We have improved the crime prevention and control system, worked in accordance with law to hit back against all types of crime and illegal behavior, and effectively safeguarded public security.
贯彻落实党中央全面从严治党部署，加强党风廉政建设和反腐败斗争。深入开展党的群众路线教育实践活动、“三严三实”专题教育、“两学一做”学习教育，认真落实党中央八项规定精神，持之以恒纠正“四风”，严格执行国务院“约法三章”。严控新建政府性楼堂馆所和财政供养人员总量，“三公”经费大幅压减。加强行政监察和审计监督。坚决查处和纠正违法违规行为，严厉惩处腐败分子，反腐败斗争压倒性态势已经形成并巩固发展。
We have implemented the Party Central Committee’s decisions on exercising full and strict Party self-governance and done more to improve Party conduct, build a clean government, and fight corruption. We have taken extensive action in raising awareness of and putting into practice the Party’s mass line, in the Three Stricts and Three Earnests* campaign, and in the drive to see that Party members develop a good understanding of the Party Constitution, Party regulations, and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s major policy addresses and live up to Party standards. We have worked hard to ensure compliance with the Central Committee’s eight-point decision on improving conduct and staying engaged with the people and worked nonstop to address the practice of formalities for formalities’ sake, bureaucratism, hedonism, and extravagance. We have strictly enforced the three-point State Council decision on curbing government spending.
(* The Three Stricts and Three Earnests refers to the need to be strict with oneself in practicing self-cultivation, using power, and exercising self-discipline; and to be earnest in one’s thinking, work, and behavior.)
We have enforced strict controls over the construction of new government buildings and over the total number of people on the government payroll; and spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality has been significantly reduced.
We have strengthened government supervision and auditing-based oversight. We have taken strong steps to investigate, prosecute, and address violations of laws and regulations and severely punished those who have committed corruption. The anti-corruption campaign has built into a crushing tide, a tide with stronger and growing momentum. 各位代表!
Fellow Deputies,
过去五年，民族、宗教、侨务等工作创新推进。支持民族地区加快发展，民族团结进步事业取得长足进展。积极引导宗教与社会主义社会相适应。海外侨胞和归侨侨眷在国家现代化建设中作出了独特贡献。
Over the past five years, we have made new improvements in work related to ethnic groups, religion, and overseas Chinese nationals. We have supported faster development in areas with large ethnic minority populations, and have seen efforts to promote ethnic unity and progress truly paying off. We have actively guided religions in adapting to socialist society. Overseas Chinese nationals, Chinese nationals who have returned from overseas, and the relatives of overseas Chinese nationals who reside in China have made their own unique contributions to the country’s modernization.
过去五年，在党中央、中央军委领导下，强军兴军开创新局面。制定新形势下军事战略方针，召开古田全军政治工作会议，深入推进政治建军、改革强军、科技兴军、依法治军，人民军队实现政治生态重塑、组织形态重塑、力量体系重塑、作风形象重塑。有效遂行海上维权、反恐维稳、抢险救灾、国际维和、亚丁湾护航、人道主义救援等重大任务。各方配合基本完成裁减军队员额30万任务。军事装备现代化水平显著提升，军民融合深度发展。人民军队面貌焕然一新，在中国特色强军之路上迈出坚实步伐。
Over the past five years, under the leadership of the Party Central Committee and the Central Military Commission, we have embarked on a new stage in strengthening and energizing the armed forces. We have developed a military strategy for new conditions; convened the Gutian military political work meeting; and taken extensive steps to see that the armed forces are built on political loyalty, strengthened through reform and technology, and run in accordance with law. As a result, our people’s armed forces have achieved a remodeling of their political ecosystem, of the way they are organized, of the structure of their forces, and of their conduct and image.
We have undertaken major missions involving the protection of maritime rights, countering terrorism and maintaining stability, disaster rescue and relief, international peacekeeping, escort services in the Gulf of Aden, and humanitarian rescue. With the cooperation of all those involved, we have basically completed the task of reducing the armed forces by 300,000 troops. Military equipment has been significantly modernized, and we have deepened military-civilian integration. The people’s armed forces, full of new drive, have taken solid strides toward building themselves into a powerful military with Chinese characteristics.
过去五年，港澳台工作取得新进展。“一国两制”实践不断丰富和发展，宪法和基本法权威在港澳进一步彰显，内地与港澳交流合作深入推进，港珠澳大桥全线贯通，香港、澳门保持繁荣稳定。坚持一个中国原则和“九二共识”，加强两岸经济文化交流合作，实现两岸领导人历史性会晤。坚决反对和遏制“台独”分裂势力，有力维护了台海和平稳定。
Over the past five years, fresh progress has been made in work related to Hong Kong, Macao, and Taiwan. The practice of “one country, two systems” has been consistently enriched and developed; the authority of China’s Constitution and the basic laws of the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions has been further raised in these two regions. Exchanges and cooperation between the mainland and Hong Kong and Macao have been steadily enhanced; the construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge has been completed, and Hong Kong and Macao have thrived and remained stable.
We have upheld the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus, strengthened cross-Strait economic and cultural exchanges and cooperation, and held a historic meeting between the leaders of the two sides. We have resolutely opposed and deterred separatist forces advocating Taiwan independence, firmly safeguarding peace and stability in the Taiwan Strait.
过去五年，中国特色大国外交全面推进。成功举办首届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛、亚太经济合作组织领导人非正式会议、二十国集团领导人杭州峰会、金砖国家领导人厦门会晤等重大主场外交。习近平主席等国家领导人出访多国，出席联合国系列峰会、气候变化大会、世界经济论坛、东亚合作领导人系列会议等重大活动，全方位外交布局深入展开。倡导构建人类命运共同体，为全球治理体系变革贡献更多中国智慧。经济外交、人文交流卓有成效。坚定维护国家主权和海洋权益。中国作为负责任大国，在解决国际和地区热点问题上发挥了重要建设性作用，为世界和平与发展作出新的重大贡献。
Over the past five years, we have pursued distinctively Chinese major country diplomacy on all fronts. We successfully hosted the first Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation, the 22nd APEC Economic Leaders Meeting, the G20 Hangzhou Summit, the BRICS Xiamen Summit, and other major diplomatic events at home.
President Xi Jinping and other Chinese leaders have visited many countries and attended major events including United Nations summits, Climate Change Conferences, World Economic Forum meetings, and the East Asian Leaders Meetings on Cooperation. China’s diplomatic agenda has been further advanced on every front.
China has called for building a community with a shared future for mankind and has contributed more Chinese ideas to the reform of the global governance system. Notable achievements have been made in our country’s economic diplomacy and people-to-people and cultural exchanges. We have been resolute in upholding China’s sovereignty and maritime rights and interests. As a responsible major country, China has played a constructive role in addressing international and regional hotspot issues, thus making significant new contributions to global peace and development.
各位代表!
Fellow Deputies,
回顾过去五年，诸多矛盾交织叠加，各种风险挑战接踵而至，国内外很多情况是改革开放以来没有碰到过的，我国改革发展成就实属来之不易。这是以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导的结果，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引的结果，是全党全军全国各族人民团结奋斗的结果。我代表国务院，向全国各族人民，向各民主党派、各人民团体和各界人士，表示诚挚感谢!向香港特别行政区同胞、澳门特别行政区同胞、台湾同胞和海外侨胞，表示诚挚感谢!向关心和支持中国现代化建设的各国政府、国际组织和各国朋友，表示诚挚感谢!
Looking back at the past five years, we have encountered a great many interwoven problems and a stream of risks and challenges. Both at home and abroad, there have been many new developments, developments that we have not faced since reform and opening-up began. The achievements we have made in China’s reform and development have certainly not come easily. We owe them to the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, to the sound guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and to the concerted efforts of the Party, the military, and the people of all our nation’s ethnic groups.
On behalf of the State Council, I wish to express sincere thanks to the people of all our ethnic groups, and to all other political parties, people’s organizations, and public figures from all sectors of society. I express our sincere appreciation to our fellow countrymen and women in the Hong Kong and Macao special administrative regions, in Taiwan, and overseas. I also wish to express our sincere thanks to the governments of other countries, international organizations, and friends from all over the world who have shown understanding and support for China in its endeavor to modernize.
安不忘危，兴不忘忧。我们清醒认识到，我国仍处于并将长期处于社会主义初级阶段，仍是世界最大发展中国家，发展不平衡不充分的一些突出问题尚未解决。经济增长内生动力还不够足，创新能力还不够强，发展质量和效益不够高，一些企业特别是中小企业经营困难，民间投资增势疲弱，部分地区经济下行压力较大，金融等领域风险隐患不容忽视。脱贫攻坚任务艰巨，农业基础仍然薄弱，城乡区域发展和收入分配差距依然较大。重特大安全生产事故时有发生。在空气质量、环境卫生、食品药品安全和住房、教育、医疗、就业、养老等方面，群众还有不少不满意的地方。政府职能转变还不到位。政府工作存在不足，有些改革举措和政策落实不力，一些干部服务意识和法治意识不强、工作作风不实、担当精神不够，形式主义、官僚主义不同程度存在。群众和企业对办事难、乱收费意见较多。一些领域不正之风和腐败问题仍然多发。我们一定要以对国家和人民高度负责的精神，以不畏艰难的勇气、坚忍不拔的意志，尽心竭力做好工作，使人民政府不负人民重托!
As the Chinese saying goes, when all is calm, forget not danger; when all is well, be awake to woes. We are keenly aware that China is still in the primary stage of socialism and will remain so for a long time to come, that it remains the largest developing country in the world, and that it faces a number of acute problems caused by unbalanced and inadequate development that so far have remained unsolved.
第四篇：2018广东公务员时政热点：2018两会政府工作报告
模拟题
一、单选题
1. 2018年《政府工作报告》指出，五年来，我国经济实力跃上新台阶。国内生产总值从54万亿元增加到82.7万亿元，年均增长_____，占世界经济比重从11.4%提高到_____左右。
A.6.9%13% B.7.1%13% C.6.9%15% D.7.1%15% 1.【答案】D。解析：五年来，我国经济实力跃上新台阶。国内生产总值从54万亿元增加到82.7万亿元，年均增长7.1%，占世界经济比重从11.4%提高到15%左右。故本题答案选D。
2. 2018年《政府工作报告》指出，五年来，我国经济结构出现重大变革。消费贡献率由54.9%提高到________，服务业比重从45.3%上升到________，成为经济增长主动力。
A.56.8% 51.6% B.58.8% 51.6% C.56.8% 53.6% D.58.8% 53.6% 2.【答案】B。中公解析：五年来，经济结构出现重大变革。消费贡献率由54.9%提高到58.8%，服务业比重从45.3%上升到51.6%，成为经济增长主动力。故本题答案选B。
3. 2018年《政府工作报告》指出，五年来，我国创新驱动发展成果丰硕。全社会研发投入年均增长11%，规模跃居世界________。科技进步贡献率由52.2%提高到：
A.第一 57.5% B.第二 57.5% C.第一 58.5% D.第二 58.5% 3.【答案】D。解析：创新驱动发展成果丰硕。全社会研发投入年均增长11%，规模跃居世界第二位。科技进步贡献率由52.2%提高到57.5%。故本题答案选D。
4. 2018年《政府工作报告》指出，加大网络提速降费力度，实现高速宽带城乡全覆盖，扩大公共场所免费上网范围，明显降低家庭宽带、企业宽带和专线使用费，取消流量“漫游”费，移动网络流量资费年内至少降低________，让群众和企业切实受益，为数字中国建设加油助力。
A.20% B.25% C.30% D.35% 4.【答案】C。中公解析：2018年《政府工作报告》指出：加大网络提速降费力度，实现高速宽带城乡全覆盖，扩大公共场所免费上网范围，明显降低家庭宽带、企业宽带和专线
使用费，取消流量“漫游”费，移动网络流量资费年内至少降低30%，让群众和企业切实受益，为数字中国建设加油助力。故选C。
5. 2018年《政府工作报告》指出，产权制度是社会主义市场经济的基石。要以________为基本导向，完善相关法律法规。
A.保护产权、维护契约、统一市场、平等交换、公平竞争 B.保护产权、维护约定、统一市场、平等交易、公平竞争 C.保护产权、维护契约、统一管理、平等交换、公平竞争 D.保护产权、维护约定、统一市场、平等交易、公平竞争
5.【答案】A。解析：2018年《政府工作报告》指出：产权制度是社会主义市场经济的基石。要以保护产权、维护契约、统一市场、平等交换、公平竞争为基本导向，完善相关法律法规。故选A。
6. 2018年《政府工作报告》指出，推动农村各项事业全面发展。改善________等基础设施，新建改建农村公路20万公里。
A.供水、供电、水利 B.供水、供电、信息 C.道路、供电、信息 D.供水、供电、桥梁
6.【答案】B。解析：2018年《政府工作报告》指出：推动农村各项事业全面发展。改善供水、供电、信息等基础设施，新建改建农村公路20万公里。故选B。
二、多选题
1. 2018年《政府工作报告》指出了我国五年来所做的工作为：
A.坚持创新引领发展，着力激发社会创造力，整体创新能力和效率显著提高 B.坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，着力保障和改善民生，人民群众获得感不断增强 C.坚持依法全面履行政府职能，着力加强和创新社会治理，社会保持和谐稳定 D.坚持对外开放的基本国策，着力实现合作共赢，开放型经济水平显著提升 1.【答案】ABCD。解析：(1)坚持稳中求进工作总基调，着力创新和完善宏观调控，经济运行保持在合理区间、实现稳中向好。(2)坚持以供给侧结构性改革为主线，着力培育壮大新动能，经济结构加快优化升级。(3)坚持创新引领发展，着力激发社会创造力，整体创新能力和效率显著提高。(4)坚持全面深化改革，着力破除体制机制弊端，发展动力不断增强。(5)坚持对外开放的基本国策，着力实现合作共赢，开放型经济水平显著提升。(6)坚持实施区域协调发展和新型城镇化战略，着力推动平衡发展，新的增长极增长带加快成长。(7)坚持以人民为中心的发展思想，着力保障和改善民生，人民群众获得感不断增强。(8)坚持人与自然和谐发展，着力治理环境污染，生态文明建设取得明显成效。(9)坚持依法全面履行政府职能，着力加强和创新社会治理，社会保持和谐稳定。故本题答案选ABCD。
2. 2018年《政府工作报告》指出，坚持“两个毫不动摇”，坚持________，全面落实支持非公有制经济发展的政策措施，认真解决民营企业反映的突出问题，坚决破除各种隐性壁垒。
A.权利平等 B.机会平等 C.制度平等 D.规则平等
2.【答案】ABD。解析：2018年《政府工作报告》指出：坚持“两个毫不动摇”，坚持权利平等、机会平等、规则平等，全面落实支持非公有制经济发展的政策措施，认真解决民营企业反映的突出问题，坚决破除各种隐性壁垒。故选ABD。
三、判断题
1. 五年来，我国人民生活持续改善。社会养老保险覆盖9亿多人，基本医疗保险覆盖13.5亿人，织就了世界上最大的社会保障网。人均预期寿命达到78.7岁。
1.【答案】B。解析：人民生活持续改善，社会养老保险覆盖9亿多人，基本医疗保险覆盖13.5亿人，织就了世界上最大的社会保障网。人均预期寿命达到76.7岁。故本题表述错误。
2. 2018年《政府工作报告》指出：落实和完善创新激励政策。改革科技管理制度，绩效评价要加快从重结果向重过程转变。
2.【答案】B。解析：2018年《政府工作报告》指出：落实和完善创新激励政策。改革科技管理制度，绩效评价要加快从重过程向重结果转变。故本题表述错误。
第五篇：2018翻硕考研政府工作报告佳句
3月5日上午9点，十二届全国人大五次会议在人民大会堂开幕，李克强总理向大会做政府工作报告。
2017政府工作报告精彩语句摘录
3月5日，第十二届全国人民代表大会第五次会议在北京人民大会堂开幕。国务院总理李克强作政府工作报告。 新华社记者 庞兴雷 摄
李克强总理在报告中指出，过去一年，我国发展面临国内外诸多矛盾叠加、风险隐患交汇的严峻挑战。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，全国各族人民迎难而上，砥砺前行，推动经济社会持续健康发展。经济运行缓中趋稳、稳中向好;人民生活继续改善。
脱贫攻坚、简政放权、空气质量、就业民生等大家普遍关心的话题在今年的工作报告中都有所体现。
我们精选出报告中十个特别激励人心的句子，与大家共勉。
我国发展到现在这个阶段，不靠改革创新没有出路。我们拥有世界上数量最多、素质较高的劳动力，有最大规模的科技和专业技能人才队伍，蕴藏着巨大的创新潜能。
Having reached the current stage of development, China can now advance only through reform and innovation. We have the largest quality workforce as well as the largest pool of scientists, engineers and professionals in the world, and their potential for innovation is truly tremendous.
我们要咬定青山不放松，持之以恒为群众办实事、解难事，促进社会公平正义，把发展硬道理更多体现在增进人民福祉上。
We must make dedicated efforts to deliver services to the people, resolve the difficulties they face, promote social equity and justice, and demonstrate that development does better people’s lives.
切实落实脱贫攻坚责任制，实施最严格的评估考核，严肃查处假脱贫、“被脱贫”、数字脱贫，确保脱贫得到群众认可、经得起历史检验。
The system for ensuring responsibility is taken for poverty elimination will be effectively enforced, the strictest possible evaluations and assessments of poverty alleviation will be carried out, and stern measures will be taken to address deception, falsification, and the manipulation of numbers in poverty elimination work. We must see that the results of our poverty elimination earn the approval of our people and stand the test of time.
我们一定要让企业和群众更多感受到“放管服”改革成效，着力打通“最后一公里”，坚决除烦苛之弊、施公平之策、开便利之门。
To see that businesses and the public benefit more from our reforms to streamline administration, delegate powers, and improve regulation and services, we must cut red tape, level the playing field, provide greater convenience, and remove that last crucial hurdle.
我国经济基本面好，商业银行资本充足率、拨备覆盖率比较高，可动用的工具和手段多。对守住不发生系统性金融风险的底线，我们有信心和底气、有能力和办法。
The fundamentals of the Chinese economy remain sound, the capital adequacy ratio and provision coverage of commercial bans remain high, and we have many financial tools and instruments that can be used. We have the confidence, the ability, and the means to forestall systemic risks.
统筹城市地上地下建设，再开工建设城市地下综合管廊2000公里以上，启动消除城区重点易涝区段三年行动，推进海绵城市建设，使城市既有“面子”、更有“里子”。
We will promote coordinated urban development above and below the ground, and begin construction on at least another 2,000 kilometers of underground utility tunnels in cities. A three-year initiative will be launched to remove the risk of flooding in highly vulnerable urban areas; and further progress will be made in the development of sponge cities. All these efforts will make our cities more attractive and function better.
要大力弘扬工匠精神，厚植工匠文化，恪尽职业操守，崇尚精益求精，培育众多“中国工匠”，打造更多享誉世界的“中国品牌”，推动中国经济发展进入质量时代。
We will promote workmanship and foster a culture of workmanship where workers have a strong ethic and tirelessly seek improvement. We will see great numbers of Chinese workers exemplify workmanship and more Chinese brands enjoy international recognition. We will usher in an era of quality for economic development in China.
加快改善生态环境特别是空气质量，是人民群众的迫切愿望，是可持续发展的内在要求。必须科学施策、标本兼治、铁腕治理，努力向人民群众交出合格答卷。
Faster progress in work to improve environment, particularly air quality, is what people are desperately hoping for, and is critical to sustainable development. We must adopt well-designed policies, tackle both symptoms and root causes, and take tough steps to make the grade in responding to the people.
我们必须牢牢抓住就业这一民生之本，让人们在劳动中创造财富，在奋斗中实现人生价值。
Employment is crucial to ensuring people’s well-being. We will focus our efforts on facilitating employment to see that through their hard work, people can create wealth and realize their full potential.
健全激励机制和容错纠错机制，给干事者鼓劲，为担当者撑腰。广大干部要主动作为、动真碰硬，与人民群众同心协力，以实干推动发展，以实干赢得未来。
We will improve mechanisms that give incentives and allow for and address mistakes so as to support those who are dedicated to their work and stand behind those who live up to their responsibilities. Every one of us in government must take an active approach to our work and have the courage to tackle the toughest problems, we must work closely with the people, using concrete action to make progress in development, and using genuine hard work to realize a
